Tuesday, October 04, 2011

Waging Ghostly War on a National Level: Estrangement

Sources not cited here can be found in the previous post.

The terror consuming Dr. Jennifer Freyd on the night of 21 December 1990 into the wee hours of the following morning wasn’t for her, but for her children.  As her visiting jet-lagged parents slept, she felt more and more fearful for the kids’ safety.  So her husband volunteered to sleep outside of their locked bedroom door.  But this didn’t allay her fear. 

Jennifer’s mother, Dr. Pamela Freyd, awoke to some noise outside the bedroom.  When she went to check it out, she saw Jennifer carrying out her son,.  “He was sick in the night,” explained the daughter.  “I’m taking him to see the doctor.” 

Several hours later, Pamela received a call from her son-in-law.  “We lied,” he said.  “We're not at the doctor's office. We're at friends. We want you to leave the house and fly home. We've made reservations on the 3:30 airplane. The taxi will arrive in an hour and a half.  Susan now remembers that she was seriously abused as a child by Alex.”*

Pamela and Peter complied with their daughter’s request, and flew back to their home in Philadelphia on 22 December 1990.  As soon as they arrived, Pamela initiated a volley of e-mails, to which.  Over the objections of her shrink, Jennifer responded to them for the next seven months.  The first simply read, “I love you.  I hope we can keep some communication going.”  Over the subsequent days, the missives grew more intense, not to mention probing.  The next day, Pamela wrote:
I cannot deal with your memories — because I don't know what they are. We have been accused of something, but I could hardly go to a therapist, as you ask, without knowing what the details are. What is supposed to have happened?
On Christmas eve:
Susan, you have made serious charges against us. I don't have the slightest idea of what you are upset enough about to have initiated this crisis. I don't know where to begin to do what you ask and see a therapist like yours who is a young clinical psychologist, a female and a specialist in sex abuse.
In an e-mail sent 28 December 1990, Pamela hinted at feelings of betrayal:
I thought that you should know that we finally have heard some specifics of the charges. Your grandmother told me. You think you were sexually abused by Alex. Why could you tell her and not us?
After agreeing to see a therapist, and read the book The Courage to Heal:  A Guide for Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse by Ellen Bass and Lauren Davis, Pamela asked Jennifer to open lines of communication with her father (which she did), and pressed her for more information about her therapist. It becomes quite obvious that Pamela really wanted to know the identity of this person in subsequent e-mails.  Jennifer refused to divulge this information.  Still, Pamela continued to press for who-what-when details in an effort to pin down a precise story. 

A couple of weeks later, Pamela’s e-mails demonstrated early attempts to silence Jennifer by discrediting her account of events:
My concern was first raised by being informed that (a) the therapist had raised the subject of incest rather than taking it from you and (b) that you have been using hypnosis. There is much debate about the reliability of memories recalled under those circumstances. Also, I am aware that there is a Clinical Incest Group in Anycity [Eugene, OR] whose members enter the therapeutic situation with the bias that 50% of their patients will not remember sexual abuse and incest and so the therapist has to draw it out. This is outlined in a book by Maltz and Holman who have many followers in Anycity. Don't you think that there might be some dangers in such preconceived assumptions?

Pamela and Peter consulted with Dr. Harold Lief, a psychiatry professor at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School.  Lief had previously helped Pamela work out some unspecified problems.  He also helped Peter overcome severe his alcoholism.  Lief suggested that Peter submit to a polygraph, which he subsequently passed. 

Still, Jennifer’s feelings didn’t change. In fact, she was now recalling far more than disembodied flashes of male genitalia--from bathtub groping at the age of three, to penetration during adolescence.  She then sought counsel from her husband and then friends.  She also sought the advice of other family, including her uncle, her grandmother and her sister, all of whom had been estranged from Peter and Pamela for years by then.  Those closest to her, both supported her and believed her memories to be accurate. 

Pamela Freyd could not believe that her husband would ever do such a thing.  She therefore blamed feminism, the “contemporary cultural and social” climate and this unknown shrink for Jennifer’s “personality change.”**  She had plenty of blame for other parties as well.
Zealots who lead crusades based on their belief of their own moral virtue and superiority have a history of bringing much repression to the world. I found an overabundance of "slop," articles and books in which the authors lack respect for the bounds between therapy and politics and in which they pander to emotions.

Pamela offered to fly Jennifer’s therapist to Philadelphia so that they could show him or her the polygraph.  One might guess that mama and papa Freyd had something a bit more confrontational in mind, however.  Pamela had busied herself since Christmas studying suggestibility in children.  She had come across a number of articles, many of which were undoubtedly inspired by McMartin and other witch hunt cases of the 1980s.  Perhaps she suspected that alone, with Dr. Lief and her parents, her therapist would have been walking into an ambush.

Pamela and Jennifer spent the spring and early summer of 1991 trying to arrange a family counseling session.  But they couldn’t reach an agreement on the terms of that discussion (where it was, who would be subject to what conditions, where the visiting party would stay, etc.). 

In July 1991, Jennifer had had enough, and in an e-mail alerted Pamela that she would finally heed her doctor’s and cut off e-mail communication for an indefinite period. 

It would seem that Dr. Pamela Freyd would not take silence for an answer.

______________________________
*Pamela Freyd wrote this account in her paper “How Could This Happen?”  Because she wrote it as a Jane Doe, everyone in the story has a pseudonym.  She used the names Susan, Steve and Alex to refer to Jennifer, her-son-in-law, and Peter respectively. 

**In the essay, Pamela characterizes herself as “conservative.”  One could guess that she might have meant here more liberal attitudes, here, but she didn’t specify. She did write, however, “To be against childhood sexual abuse is a ‘politically correct’ position, especially for activist women."  So this could be a gripe against feminism in general.

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16 Comments:

  • At 8:00 AM, Blogger dr.alistair said…

    As a Hypnotherapist I can attest tot he fragility of the psyche regarding memory under hypnosis. For therapists to "dig" for memories using hypnosis or cognitive means with a pre-session signal that they are looking for memories of sexual abuse is criminal.

    The human mind cannot process a negative. This is to say that if I say don't think of an elephant, you have to picture the elephant then do what you can to not think about it from that point on.

    it is the same with sexual abuse.

    I would say that unless this woman has concrete memories of interference or physical proof or witnesses to such things, she needs to re-evaluate her aggression toward her father.

    I had a client some years ago that was involved in a bus crash. As the driver of the bus he was running the risk of losing his job unless he could find the "gold car" that he alleged caused the accident he was being charged with causing.

    In the session with the bus driver he managed to get enough of the licence plate of the car to find the car and charge the driver, as the car had substantial damage and shared paint from the other vehicles in the accident, thereby exhonorating my client.

    But here's the thing. The colour of the car wasn't gold, it was dark green, it was a nissan not a lexus, and the driver was asian, not light-skinned black as the bus driver remembered...and it took a private detective to find the car, take pictures and show the police, as the police said that the details of the retrieved memory of the incident was wrong.

     
  • At 9:10 AM, Blogger Charles Gramlich said…

    "To be against childhood sexual abuse is politically correct." Well, one would hope that everyone holds that politically correct view then.

     
  • At 10:42 AM, Blogger X. Dell said…

    Alistair, hypnosis was not involved in the daughter's therapy. The memories did not occur that way, although the mother falsely claimed they were. And the memories were concrete. They were neither prompted by the therapist, nor suggested. The therapist simply asked if she had been subject to sexual abuse as a child, and she said "no." They moved on. That night, she started remembering in flashback, and then the floodgates opened, so to speak.

    The bus incident you cite here has some bearing on the research that I will bring up later in this series. So hold that thought.

    Charles, the "politically correct" quote I find interesting, for it places what Dr. Pamela Freyd does next in a certain context. I'm going through something that's portrayed as a scientific controversy. But from where I sit looks more like a ideological battle.

     
  • At 9:36 AM, Blogger Candy Minx said…

    Wow, I have just been soaking up these last couple of posts about this stor. I don't know anything about these people. My initial impression is one of suspicion against the person Pamela. Something about her emails and her demanding answers hits a nerve with me. My impression of the kind of fear that Jennifer experienced that first night about the food she cooked....aligns as very realistic to a REAL child abuse experience and memory of abuse. I have no idea whetehr the abuse happened from WHO. But my gut instinct is that it did happen...if it was her father or not I dont know.


    I am speaking without knowing anything here about the actual whole story. And without reading other comments here...yet. i case they give somethign away. I just wanted you to know my impression is that of a family with really really controlling parents. And I also hear that the father was an alchoholic...so right away he and his wife are not reliable narrators to me until they go through recovery processes. I believe that Pmamla writing all those emails and denying the claims about sex abuse is actually denial. It may not be that her husband/Jennifer's father did the sexual abuse...but that she wants to control her duaghter so much to the point of paying for plane tickets to assess a therapist is just plain control freak to me. There is SOMETHING off about these parents even if its not actual sexual abuse.

    Okay...now I am going to post this response...and then do some quick research about the people on wikipedia and read the responses here in the comments...and get back to you...

     
  • At 10:02 AM, Blogger Candy Minx said…

    Okay...I see what is what a little bit now. I must tell you X, that I had a bit of an anxiety feeling reading all these last three posts. I am aware of the Ghost Story btw....having done it in a couple of classes so I didn't participate in it here, it didn't seem fair.

    uh...i was not aware of this specific family or much of the controversy or background of the False Memory syndrome group. I was reading as if it was the most amazing mystery story. This has been such a great series of posts.

    Thank you as usual for writing about such interesting cultural events.

    um, I still stick with my initial gut reaction to the woman Jennifer and her parents. I believe there is something wrong with the parents Pamela and her husband (whose name i can't remember right now).

    I am sorry to disagree with Dr. Alistair above in his comments...but i do.

    I am sure there are some people who get waylaid through a bad therapist...i'm sure it happens. BUT for the most part I think self-reflection, healing services and work on ones own past is productive, healthy and healing.

    I can offer Dr. Alistair the "evidence" of Jennifers abuse. It is the actual panic attack she had. the discomfort at talking to her parents and wanting them out of the house and away from her children. many memories of abuse surface just like the account writen about here...intuitively, under the slight suggestions.

    the therapist who asked Jennifer if she had memories of child abuse, asked on purpose. They could see the subtle outward manifestation of child abuse (and especially sexual abuse) on jennifer and how she communicated. I've seen it myself...even without being trained as a doctor. I can often tell if someone has child sexual abuse or verbal or emotional abuse in their past. There are several red flags manifesting int he language and body gestures and words we use in everyday settings that are patterns of behaviour often found in those people with child trauma.

    Anyways...I think this is a great topic again. Again you deliver X !!!!

     
  • At 10:17 AM, Blogger Candy Minx said…

    Okay...I've really gotten in to this story. One question I have been having is whether or not Jennifer had ever come out and denied her accussations about sexual abuse? I don't think she has...


    What i have found is a control freak behaviour....as far as i can tell pamela Freyd has taken NPD to a whole new level!

    Iwhether or not there was any sexual abuse...this woman is veryvery messed up. She has epically failed as a mother. She seems totally concerned with her self, her own life and her reputation. I feel very sorry for Jennifer.

    And here is a quote i found from jennifer after having her mother try to ruin her reputation in the media for two years:

    Jennifer Freyd did not speak publicly about her family for two years after the e-mail confrontation with her parents. Then, in August 1993, visibly pregnant with her third child, she spoke in Ann Arbor before an audience of mental-health professionals. .She refrained from elaborating on what she called her "recovered memories" of events that she acknowledged she could not prove. But she described a long history of what she characterized as invasive and sexualized interactions with her father that she had never forgotten. She said that since she bad told her parents of her recovered memories of abuse, they had invaded her privacy, contacted her elderly mother-in-law and embarrassed her to academic colleagues and family friends.

    "I am being punished," she said, "at a national and professional level... for my private and personal memories." The debate was only partly about memory, she said. It was also about "a family in pain"

    But at the same time, she revealed intimate details about her parents' private life. She said her parents continued to minimize her father's history of :heavy drinking, and that he had been a "late-stage alcoholic" by the time he was treated for alcoholism in the 1980s and quit entirely. She said he referred to himself as a "kept boy" when describing a year of sexual abuse, at the age of nine, by a nationally known male artist

    "At times I am flabbergasted that my memory is considered false' and my alcoholic father's memory is considered rational and sane," she said. "Am I not believed because I am a woman? If Peter Freyd were a man who lived in my neighborhood during my childhood instead of my father, would he and his wife be so believable? If not, what is it about his status as my father that makes him more credible?" She denied her memories had arisen, as newspaper stories and her mother sometimes suggested, through hypnosis. "Terrible therapeutic things did not happen to me," she said. "And yet my story is told as though they did. .. For my parents' sake I hope they can find a way to look inward, to do their own healing, instead of waging a kind of war at the national level"

     
  • At 12:19 PM, Blogger X. Dell said…

    Candy thanks for that rather detailed response. Moreover, everyone here is quite at liberty to read more on the story (which is one of the reasons why I posted the links).

    There's a lot to respond to here, and it seems that it's in several stages: (1) your impressions upon reading the post; (2) your impressions after doing some digging on your own; and (3) your impressions after thinking about after awhile. I'll try to address all three.

    I wouldn't (and cannot) prevent anyone from having a "gut instinct." Mine are pretty good, but I don't trust them unless I have to and there's nothing else to go on and I absolutely have to. Still, we all have them. At the same time, I've taken a considerable amount of material from Pamela Freyd's own writing (I'll actually take very little from Jennifer's by comparison), in order to let her put forth her argument as strongly as she can.

    I too noticed that there seemed to be a controlling aspect to the parents' relationship, as manifest in the e-mails. Like you, I also had the impression that Pamela Freyd came across as defensive and confrontational to me. Her further actions (which I'll describe in the next post) seemed to augment this perception.

    Whatever happened, this truly was, as Jennifer described, "a family in pain."

    You also picked up on Peter [the father] Freyd's alcoholism, which could explain quite a bit--lack of inhibition, exaggerated self-importance (a perception somewhat compounded by his good works in the area of mathematics), aggressive behavior, and, most important, blackouts. It's possible that he doesn't remember the abuse.

    While I agree that Jennifer's anxiety was evidence of childhood abuse (later, I'll go into research that would give weight to the argument that Jennifer's previous behaviors were also evidence of childhood sexual abuse), I wouldn't say it's smoking gun proof. People have anxiety for a lot of reasons. Still, it is consistent with the memories that she finally unearthed.

    I also agree about the offer to fly the therapist out to Philidelphia, ostensibly to see the polygraph results for her/himself. The fact is, they could've simply mailed it to Jennifer and have her give them to him. Flying them away from his turf, onto theirs, with the backing of a very prestigious shrink in Dr. Lief, seems, exactly as you characterize, an effort to establish control.

    Jennifer Freyd referred to the controversy for a brief period, but it's obvious that she doesn't wish to talk about it. She's kinda moved on, teaching her courses and doing her research. One thing she has never done is recanted.

    I also try not to judge people unless I have to. So I won't comment as to whether Pamela Freyd was a good mother or a bad mother. On the one hand, she did raise a brilliant, competent, strong and independent daughter--which I don't think should be overlooked. On the other hand, I will note that Jennifer's kid sister had been estranged from her parents for years by the time these events are unfolding.

     
  • At 1:38 PM, Blogger X. Dell said…

    Candy, one more thing I should add: Peter Freyd had been ten years sober when this story took place. He did, in fact, seek professional help on that matter.

     
  • At 7:21 PM, Blogger Susan said…

    Oh, man. I gotta catch up. Sorry. The semester is under way. I'm not blowing you off. Your posts are good for me.

     
  • At 7:26 PM, Blogger Susan said…

    Okay, I will respond with an off the cuff, as I haven't read this very carefully, but I did look over the comments, particularly Dr. A's, although I don't see this as a response per se.

    As an educator in both elementary and university level, I know that child abuse is so real, possibly more so than we can even imagine. And it is hard to say whether the incident we deem as abuse even registers as such to the client. There are things that take place that don't even cause a dent in some that I know would traumatize me, and visa versa. What does this mean? Triggers can come from unexpected places.

    But then there are also liars.

     
  • At 9:14 PM, Blogger X. Dell said…

    Susan, there is something interesting in what you say. I'm aware of your past experience as a teacher. Generally (although this is certainly not always the case) I've noticed that professionals in the field (teachers, social workers, therapists) seem to rate the incidence of child abuse somewhat higher than academic researchers. I'm not sure what to make of this, because embracing one set of figures against another requires a methodological leap of faith.

    Nevertheless, I understand where you're coming from, and where Alistair's coming from.

    The last sentence is also interesting. Throughout the time I looked into this topic, I've always wondered the degree to which subject deception skewed experimental results. People do lie, especially about uncomfortable topics and their roles in them.

     
  • At 10:06 AM, Anonymous Jeanette Bartha said…

    How can any of you make judgments on a blog about a family with 1)only partial "email" conversations that have obviously been edited 2) has not interviewed Any of the parties discussed 4)finding out if this is pure fiction?

    I read comments about assumptions regarding the circumstances and individuals involved based on feelings? Gut reactions? Are you kidding me?

    The accused father passed a lie-detector test, yet that does not make you question the charges.

    Hey, maybe tomorrow some woman will accuse You of raping her when whe was 3. Good luck with defending yourself.

     
  • At 11:21 AM, Blogger X. Dell said…

    Ms. Batha, welcome to The X-Spot. Feel free to comment further on this and any material that you see here.

    I have a high tolerance for dissent. You can disagree with me as much as you like, and I am often ameanable to changing my position on things when the argument is well reasoned. Vitriol, however, makes for poor arguments and lousy discussion--oftentimes people use that type of approach when they simply want to shout down others who disagree with them. It doesn't sway me in the least.

    What I have little tolerance for is the misrepresentation of what I write--putting words in my mouth that I didn't speak, or thoughts in my head that I do not hold. While I realize that what you have written here is not directed personally at me, I would invite you to take a closer look at the statements that you are responding to. I don't think anyone has come to any conclusions about the validity of Jennifer Freyd's version of events at this point. We can take a look at Pamela, Jennifer and Peter Freyd's actions during this period--much of which (as I have cited) taken from Pamela's paper "How Could This Happen?" Examining their behavior and commenting on one's impressions (or "gut reactions") is fair game.

    That said, I am familiar with your experiences with psychotherapy and narcohypnosis, and for that reason alone I would invite you to comment on future posts in this ongoing series examining the subjects of false memory and the FMSF.

     
  • At 5:33 AM, Blogger Shrinky said…

    Oh boy, what a minefield. If these truly were falsely recovered memories, I can understand her mother's (albeit somewhat aggresive) attempt to confront and refute them. Unfortunately, truth often differs between those who claim to perceive it. There is little doubt this entire family suffered immense pain over these accusations.

     
  • At 10:06 AM, Blogger X. Dell said…

    Minefield is one way to put it, Shrinky. The topic of recovered memories is fraught with strong emotion on all sides. The question here was whether the family suffered pain because of the accusation, or pain because of alleged abuse.

     
  • At 11:04 PM, Blogger Jeanette said…

    Thank you for welcoming me.

    You are right about my indignation at a few comments that I find unreasonable given that many facts about this family are not known.

    Unfortunately for me, I have low tolerance for people who hide behind false identities because I think the opinions would be different if individuals were held accountable for their words.

    I think it important to disclose that I know Pamela and Peter Freyd personally, have volunteered at the FMS Foundation, have worked with Frontline (educating the producers about multiple personalities) on the documentary you mention, and am a former patient of the type of psychotherapy you are discussing, have remembered events that never happened, and know how horribly these events damages both patients and their families.

    Having disclosed that:

    Your rendition of Jennifer's experiences are exactly like mine. And they are totally in line with how this therapy works.

    It is my hope that I might offer insight that research will not provide. I am a real face on the pages of repressed memories, false memories, and other topics regarding this debate.

     

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